Leo Ascher (17 August 1880 – 25 February 1942) was a composer of operettas, popular songs and film scores.
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Ascher was born in Vienna as Leonem Ascher. His father, Moritz Ascher, was a local umbrella manufacturer. Leo wrote his first composition, a waltz, at the age of 13 in 1893. He studied law at the University of Vienna where he received his doctorate in 1904. He also attended the Vienna Conservatory since 1898 and studied composition under Robert Fuchs and Franz Schmidt. He married Luise Frankl and they had one daughter, the writer Franzi Ascher-Nash (born in Vienna on 28 November 1910 and died in Millersville, Pennsylvania, on 1 September 1991).
He was briefly arrested during the pogrom known as Kristallnacht in 1938; once released, he left Austria for ever. Via France and England he emigrated to the USA where he lived since December 1939 until his death in New York City. His artistic estate is kept at the Leo Ascher Centre of Operetta Music at Millersville University of Pennsylvania which also provides the Leo Ascher Music Award (up to $1000) to undergraduates.
Ascher began his career as a composer with the opera Mamzell Courage. His first operetta, Vergeltsgott to a libretto by Victor Léon, premiered on 14 October 1905 at the Theater an der Wien. He wrote another 30 stage works, among them Vindobona, du herrliche Stadt (Vienna, 22 July 1910) and Bruder Leichtsinn (Bürgertheater, 28 December 1917). His most famous work was Hoheit tanzt Walzer; its premiere on 24 February 1912 at the Raimund Theater was followed by a run of 500 performances. His operetta Der Soldat der Marie (1916) enjoyed even 800 performances in Berlin.
Besides operettas, he composed songs in the Vienna popular style (Wienerlieder, chansons, and music for films, e.g. for Purpur und Waschblau (1931) diected by Max Neufeld, with Hansi Niese and Richard Eybner.
After his arrival in New York, he continued to write musicals, patriotic songs and children's pieces until his death there on 25 February 1942.